The Gap between Questions in your Classes and on Exams

By now, you have probably discovered the difference between what is discussed in class, and what will appear on your final. It’s easy enough to get lost in the theoretical and philosophical aspects of class discussions and hard to know what to expect on the exam when you spend most of your class time being questioned on cases. As you have probably discovered, you’re asked to judge the cases that you read – sometimes in your very first law school class. You’re asked whether you think the court was correct in reaching its decision or whether you would have found differently. Then you get to the exam and there’s nothing about cases. Or at least nothing that’s obvious. Many of you have stopped by our offices this semester, and asked: why does the exam seem so different from what went on in class?

The gap, if indeed there is one, comes from the style of the process more than its substance. Most law professors don’t lecture and present the law in neat little packages for you to digest. Instead, they rely on the Socratic Method and ask questions. They ask lots of questions and only sometimes give answers. Supplying the answers is your job. Professors assume that you’ll do the reading, learn the material, and put it all together in a way that’s meaningful to you. They did it when they were in law school and they expect you to do the same. Some students make the mistake of waiting all semester for the professor to tie it together and this just doesn’t happen. At least not usually. It’s pretty much up to you to make the connections.

Making these connections is the first step in learning to think critically. Law school asks you to think about things you’ve never thought about before and in ways that are new to you. This is the stuff of a legal education. It’s about figuring out how the rules work, what they mean, why we have them, and questioning everything about them. So if you think about it - what goes on in class is related to what’s on the exam. In class, you talk about the cases. You dissect them. The professor hurls questions at you to test your understanding of what you’ve read and your ability to use what you’ve learned. Then she changes the facts and asks another question. And yet another. The professor’s goal is for you to learn to ask the same kinds of questions for yourself. On the exam, the hypos are longer and more complex but they’re pretty much like the ones you discussed in class. They’re just new problems for you to solve.

The Socratic Method

As we have mentioned, law school is a different experience than undergrad - differences come in the way material is presented and how you’re supposed to learn it; the nature of class interactions and the Socratic method; how long it takes to read court cases and how much work there is to do; and especially the difference between the skills emphasized in class and the ones tested on exams. This blog, as well as the Academic Development Program, are here to help demystify this for you - we are here to help!

As for the Socratic Method, there are a million horror stories out there, but it is nothing to worry about - here is what is important to know: it is true that most law professors don’t lecture; they rely on the Socratic Method and ask questions for you to answer - only sometimes do professors actually give answers. Supplying the answers is your job because professors assume that you have done the reading, will learn the material, and put it all together in a way that’s meaningful to you. One of the professor’s goal is for you to learn to ask the same kinds of questions for yourself, and showing up prepared is the first step in the process.

So how do you get used to the Socratic Method, if anyone ever does?

It helps to realize that your professors are not trying to make you appear foolish in public but are trying to get you used to thinking on your feet. Also, they are trying to make you think in ways you may not have not done before. The best way to deal with this type of anxiety is to be prepared: try to anticipate the types of questions your professor might ask. Pay close attention to the notes that follow the cases in your casebook – these are ripe for the asking!